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عملية احتيال دائرة QBF وNOA التي غطتها الصحافة
تحولت مجموعة QBF المالية إلى منظمة إجرامية - ستتم محاكمة حفيد الرئيس السابق للبنك المركزي الروسي بتهمة اختلاس المليارات بقلم أوليغ روبينيكوفيتش
06 أكتوبر 2023
وحُكم على زليمخان موناييف بتهمة الاحتيال التي ارتكبتها جماعة إجرامية منظمة، على نطاق واسع بشكل خاص.
21 سبتمبر 2023
أصدرت محكمة منطقة بريسنينسكي في مدينة موسكو حكما بالإدانة في قضية جنائية ضد مواطن يبلغ من العمر 32 عاما من سكان العاصمة زيليمخان موناييف. تمت إدانته بموجب الجزء 2 من الفن. 210 من القانون الجنائي للاتحاد الروسي (المشاركة في جمعية إجرامية (منظمة إجرامية) والجزء 4 من المادة 159 من القانون الجنائي للاتحاد الروسي (الاحتيال الذي ترتكبه مجموعة منظمة على نطاق واسع بشكل خاص).
تمت الموافقة على لائحة الاتهام في القضية الجنائية من قبل مكتب المدعي العام للاتحاد الروسي .
ثبت أنه في الفترة من يونيو 2012 إلى مايو 2021، كان موناييف، مع شركائه، الذين تم فصل قضيتهم الجنائية إلى إجراءات منفصلة، جزءًا من جمعية إجرامية منظمة على أساس مجموعة شركات KBB.
قام موناييف، مع أعضاء آخرين في الجمعية الإجرامية، بتنظيم توقيع اتفاقيات مع الضحايا نيابة عن الكيانات القانونية الأجنبية التابعة لها بشأن الوصول المباشر إلى سوق الأوراق المالية. وفي الوقت نفسه، قام المهاجمون بتضليل المواطنين بشأن مشروعية الأنشطة المتعلقة بمعاملات الأوراق المالية، حيث لم يكن لديهم ترخيص إلزامي صادر عن الهيئة المعتمدة ذات الصلة.
الضحايا غير المطلعين، معتقدين أنهم استثمروا أموالهم من أجل الربح، أبرموا عقود إدارة الثقة وأودعوا الأموال بطرق نقدية وغير نقدية.
موناييف، مع شركائه، الذين أتيحت لهم الفرصة للتخلص من أموال الضحايا، لم يستخدموها للأغراض المحددة في العقد ولكن تم اختطافهم.
نتيجة للأنشطة الإجرامية لموناييف وشركائه، تمت سرقة أموال المودعين بمبلغ يزيد عن مليار و238 مليون روبل.
وقد تم فصل القضية الجنائية المرفوعة ضد منظم الجمعية الإجرامية إلى إجراءات منفصلة فيما يتعلق بإدراجه في قائمة المطلوبين الدولية.
مع الأخذ في الاعتبار موقف المدعي العام للدولة في مكتب المدعين العامين في بريسنينسكايا بين المناطق، حكمت المحكمة على موناييف بالسجن لمدة 8 سنوات في مستعمرة إصلاحية تابعة للنظام العام.
مصادر:
مكتب المدعي العام للاتحاد الروسي - المنطقة الفيدرالية الوسطى موسكو
خدمة المأمورين الفيدراليين
مقالات بو كوميرسانت
تغطية عملية احتيال QBF وNOA CIRCLE
كوميرسانت هي صحيفة يومية توزع على المستوى الوطني وتُنشر في روسيا، وهي مخصصة في الغالب للسياسة والأعمال.
يناقش كتاب "كابوس المستثمر: مطاردة أعضاء مخطط صندوق قطر للأعمال" التحقيق في مخطط الهرم المالي لصندوق قطر لكرة القدم والأفراد المتورطين فيه. إن مخطط QBF، الذي أدى إلى خسائر مالية كبيرة للمستثمرين، يعمل من خلال تقديم فرص استثمارية تعد بعوائد عالية.
استخدم المخطط شركات متعددة، غالبًا ما تحمل أسماء مشابهة لكيانات شرعية ومنظمة، لإرباك المستثمرين. تفاصيل المقالة تورط العديد من الأفراد، بما في ذلك رومان شباكوف، الذي تم تقديمه في البداية كرئيس لـ QBF، وأبولون أثاناسياديس، الذي كان له دور مهم في هيكلة المخطط. ويكشف التحقيق أن منظمي المخطط استخدموا أساليب عدوانية لإسكات المستثمرين الذين أثاروا مخاوفهم أو حاولوا سحب استثماراتهم.
قامت وكالات إنفاذ القانون في مختلف البلدان بالتحقيق في مخطط QBF، وتم القبض على العديد من الأفراد. تشير المقالة إلى التحديات التي تواجه تتبع تدفق الأموال بسبب البنية المعقدة للمخطط. وتعمل السلطات على استعادة الأموال للضحايا، ويركز المحققون على تحديد المستفيدين الحقيقيين من المخطط.
يسلط المقال الضوء على أهمية العناية الواجبة الشاملة من قبل المستثمرين والحاجة إلى تنظيم أفضل لمنع مثل هذه المخططات من العمل في المستقبل. كما يناقش المعارك القانونية التي نشأت في أعقاب انهيار المخطط حيث يسعى المستثمرون إلى استرداد خسائرهم ومحاسبة المسؤولين عنها.
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12 أغسطس
2021
Ural Residents Received an Investment Bill QBF clients have reported problems with fund withdrawal
12.08.2021
As "Ъ-Ural" learned, over a hundred Ural residents, including quite well-known businessmen, are trying to retrieve their investments from the investment company QBF, whose licenses have been revoked by the Central Bank. Specifically, they have joined a collective appeal to the Investigative Committee, the Prosecutor's Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the FSB (the document is available to the editorial board) with a request to initiate a criminal case for fraud against the company's leader, Roman Shpakov. QBF is not commenting on the situation. The Central Bank noted that the company's clients were aware of the risks and the lack of guarantees on its part.
Ural clients of QBF have been unable to retrieve funds since May
Local clients told "Ъ-Ural" about problems with the return of funds entrusted to the investment company QBF. According to their estimates, over 500 investors from all over Russia have been unable to retrieve their money since May, of which about 100 are residents of the Urals.
The QBF Portfolio Management financial group has been operating since 2008. It includes three companies: IK "QBF", "QBF Asset Management", and "Q.Broker". The owner of the financial group is Roman Shpakov. At the end of 2020, the company served over 2,000 clients and had branches in six Russian cities. On July 8th, the Central Bank revoked its professional securities market participant licenses. Among the violations were non-compliance with the Central Bank's orders, breach of securities management requirements, and breach of risk management system requirements. The license activity ceases from January 20, 2022, and QBF is obligated to ensure the return of client assets by January 19.
According to one of the investors, Alena Tkachuk, QBF offered investors the purchase of options through its sister company, LLC "Q.Broker", justifying their actions by maximum convenience for clients, the reliability of the entire financial group, and a significant charter capital. "However, it turned out that the company did not purchase IPO shares related to the options with the funds attracted from investors. Part of the funds was invested in development projects of the group's beneficiary, and a significant portion of client funds was transferred abroad," said the investor.
One of the investors, a businessman from Yekaterinburg, Ilya Borzenkov, was unable to return assets transferred to QBF amounting to 974 million rubles, as reported by another QBF client, Igor Ptitsa. The Borzenkov family entrusted their savings to QBF's trust management between 2016 and 2018. After the entrepreneur failed to withdraw the deposit, his son Maxim Borzenkov turned to law enforcement agencies. Ilya Borzenkov told "Ъ-Ural" that "he has given enough interviews on this topic; let other investors share their sad story."
More than 250 QBF investors submitted a collective appeal to the heads of the Investigative Committee, the Prosecutor's Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the FSB, asking for assistance in retrieving their deposits and initiating a criminal case against the company's leader, Roman Shpakov, under articles 159 (Fraud) and 210 (Organization of a Criminal Association) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. To coordinate their actions, clients created a chat in Telegram, which currently has 662 subscribers. QBF's press service declined to comment on the situation.
Previously, "Ъ" reported on the arrest of QBF employees Zelimkhan Munaev and Evgeniya Rossieva in Moscow, who were charged with fraud. The total damage from the actions of the alleged fraudsters is estimated at 5–7 billion rubles.
According to the investigation, the company provided its clients with false reports about investing their money, while the funds themselves were transferred to offshore accounts and invested in development projects in the Moscow region.
The Central Bank clarified that "transactions with over-the-counter derivative financial instruments on behalf of individual clients (mainly qualified investors) were concluded with a counterparty that does not have a Bank of Russia license to conduct professional securities market activity." "At the same time, clients were informed about the risks related to these contracts, as well as about the lack of guarantees from LLC IK "QBF" to fulfill these obligations," the regulator's press service explained.
Radik Akhmetshin, Director of the Ural branch of the National Association of Stock Market Participants (NAUFOR), believes that the company will still fulfill some of its obligations. He explains the closure of the Ural branch, which investors perceived as a sign of a financial pyramid, as the company's cost minimization. "There are certain problems, but some people get their money, and others get reassurances that everything will be fine. QBF has been deprived of all licenses, but they still operate in terms of returning money to clients. The situation is indeed complicated, but I'm not yet ready to say that no one will receive anything. I hope that the Central Bank will keep the issue of payments under control," emphasized Mr. Akhmetshin.
Economist Konstantin Selyanin believes that QBF initially misled investors about its type of activity. "Some companies, effectively engaged in investment activity, obtain a license for something else and conclude fictitious deals. A loan agreement is concluded, but in fact, people are offered to give their savings so that they are then invested somewhere, and this is already another activity. This is asset management activity, which requires a separate license," the expert explained. Konstantin Selyanin added that returning funds would be difficult: "Law enforcement agencies need to spend a lot of effort to find some assets, arrest, sell, and pay money to depositors. But in practice, a person receives almost nothing."
Maxim Nachinov
7 أكتوبر
2021
18 نوفمبر
2021
2021-11-18 Kommersant - Pyramid Scheme Entranced by Prima - Anastasia Volochkova fell victim to fraudsters from QBF by Oleg Rubnikovich
Pyramid Scheme Entranced by Prima - Anastasia Volochkova Fell Victim to Fraudsters from QBF (Published by Kommersant on 18.11.2021):
Star Victim:
In the ongoing criminal investigation concerning the QBF financial pyramid, famous ballerina Anastasia Volochkova emerges as a significant victim. She invested 3 million rubles in the company and has yet to receive 1.7 million rubles back.
Volochkova's Experience with QBF:
Last year, a representative from QBF named Timur contacted Volochkova, initially proposing she recommend QBF to her associates. Although she declined, she was later convinced to invest. Anastasia visited QBF's office in Moscow in July 2020 and transferred 2 million rubles at a 10% annual rate. Persuaded by Timur again, she later transferred another 1 million rubles for a three-month term. However, she grew suspicious upon receiving empty payment orders. In August 2021, QBF did not promptly return her 2 million rubles. Although she managed to recover part of her money (500,000 rubles), the company still owes her 1.7 million rubles.
Company's Downfall:
After the law enforcement's searches in May 2021, QBF nearly halted its operations. The company's CEO, Stanislav Matyukhin, promised to repay Volochkova in installments. However, subsequent communication ceased, and Matyukhin redirected her queries to the QBF financial group's beneficiary, Roman Shpakov, who remains elusive.
Roman Shpakov's Escape:
Shpakov, believed to be the scheme's main orchestrator, managed to leave Russia as soon as he became aware of law enforcement's interest in his venture. Current speculations place him in the UAE. He was recently arrested in absentia by the Tverskoy District Court of Moscow.
Scope of Fraud:
Law enforcement suspects that the QBF pyramid scheme could have defrauded investors of around 5-7 billion rubles. To recoup some of the alleged losses, assets affiliated with group members, including luxury cars, real estate, and shares in several closed-end investment funds, were seized, amounting to roughly 1 billion rubles in market value.
Victims:
Currently, 500 individuals are officially recognized as victims. However, the real number could be double. Notably, several VIPs, including clergy, generals, ministers, and directors, invested with QBF. But unlike Volochkova, many do not want to disclose their losses or accept the status of a victim.
Pyramid Scheme Entranced by Prima - Anastasia Volochkova fell victim to fraudsters from QBF
By Oleg Rubnikovich, 18.11.2021, 20:39
As "Ъ" has learned, in the high-profile criminal case against members of a major financial pyramid operating under the QBF brand, a star victim has emerged. The renowned ballerina Anastasia Volochkova has been recognized as such. The alleged fraudsters owe her 1.7 million rubles. To date, there are officially about 500 registered victims in the case. The investigation believes that under the guise of investing depositors' money into serious financial portfolios, they could have stolen around 5-7 billion rubles from them.
Not waiting for the return of the money, Anastasia Volochkova turned to the police
Anastasia Volochkova approached the Police Department of the Tverskoy District of Moscow last Wednesday. In her statement, she reported that she invested 3 million rubles in the company last year, and to date, they have not returned 1.7 million rubles to her.
Anastasia Volochkova explained her interaction with QBF representatives to "Ъ". According to the ballerina, in mid-June of last year, a certain Timur, calling himself a representative of QBF, called her mobile. When asked where he got her phone number, the young man replied that it was "in the database."
"He then said he knew about my connections and straightforwardly suggested that I recommend their company to my friends for investments," says Anastasia Volochkova. "Of course, I declined. Then they offered me to become an investor."
On July 31, 2020, Anastasia Volochkova visited the QBF office located in the "City of Capitals" complex in "Moscow City" (Presnenskaya Embankment, 8, building 1). There, she signed a contract for one year, and a few days later transferred 2 million rubles to the company's account at 10% per annum. Some time later, Timur convinced Mrs. Volochkova to transfer another 1 million rubles for a three-month term. "For the next three months, I received empty payment orders from QBF on my email, without any sums or signatures, which somewhat alarmed me," says Anastasia Volochkova.
In the end, unlike hundreds of other victims, the prima ballerina managed to get back not only her million but also the profit from the deposit - 150,000 rubles. But no one was in a hurry to return the 2 million rubles to Mrs. Volochkova in August 2021. After the searches conducted by the Main Directorate for Economic Security and Corruption Control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in May of this year as part of the criminal case on particularly large-scale fraud (Part 4, Article 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), QBF practically ceased its operations.
"Then I reached out to QBF's CEO Stanislav Matyukhin, who promised that the money would be returned to me in installments, and also asked me to use my connections to help them unblock the company's accounts in St. Petersburg and, I believe, also in Bashkiria. I didn't do that, but they still returned 500,000 rubles to me," Anastasia Volochkova concluded.
After that, QBF employees stopped contacting the client - Mr. Matyukhin simply advised further questions regarding the return of the remaining 1.7 million rubles to be addressed to the beneficiary of the QBF financial group, Roman Shpakov.
However, he was out of reach not only for Anastasia Volochkova but also for law enforcement agencies.
As "Ъ" previously reported, unlike the detained co-founder of QBF LLC, who previously headed the company's Cypriot office, Zelimkhan Munaev, the lawyer of this structure, Evgeniya Rossieva, and the director of the company's branch network, Vladimir Pakhomov, Mr. Shpakov managed to leave the country as soon as he learned of the interest of law enforcement agencies in his venture. He is currently believed to be in the United Arab Emirates.
A month ago, at the request of the Investigative Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Tverskoy District Court of Moscow arrested Roman Shpakov in absentia, whom the investigation considers the organizer of the crime.
Law enforcement agencies believe that under the guise of investing depositors' money in serious financial portfolios, they could have stolen around 5-7 billion rubles from them.
To offset the alleged damage, the court also seized several luxury foreign cars, including several Mercedes and Porsche, real estate in Moscow and the Moscow region, including a shopping center in Zelenograd, as well as shares in several closed-end investment funds belonging to organizations affiliated with group members. In total, the market value of the seized assets is around 1 billion rubles.
To date, only about 500 people have been officially recognized as victims in this case. In reality, according to the investigation's estimates, there are at least twice as many.
According to "Ъ", among others, several dozens of VIP persons, including clergy, generals, ministers, and directors of various structures, gave their money to the alleged fraudsters. However, unlike Anastasia Volochkova, for various reasons, they
not only do not want to publicize their losses but also refuse the status of a victim.
Oleg Rubnikovich
01 ديسمبر 2021
19 يناير
2022
"OPS تظهر في مدينة موسكو" "كبار مديري QBF متهمون بارتكاب جرائم خطيرة" بقلم أوليغ روبينيكوفيتش، 13 مايو 2022.
كشف التحقيق في الهرم المالي الكبير الذي يعمل تحت ستار شركة الاستثمار QBF أنه تم التعرف على ستة أفراد متورطين كأعضاء في جماعة إجرامية منظمة (OCG). وبدلاً من استثمار الأموال التي تلقوها من العملاء في محافظ مالية خطيرة كما وعدوا، قام المحتالون المشتبه بهم بتحويل الأموال إلى حسابات خارجية. وقد وصل الضرر الذي لحق بالمستثمرين إلى أكثر من 2 مليار روبل، وبالنظر إلى العملاء البارزين الذين لم يعلنوا بعد عن أنفسهم كضحايا، فإن المبلغ الإجمالي المختلس قد يرتفع إلى 5-7 مليار روبل.
التحقيق في أنشطة شركة الاستثمار الكبيرة QBF مستمر منذ أكثر من عام. وخلصت سلطات إنفاذ القانون إلى أنه، بالإضافة إلى تهم الاحتيال الكبرى، أظهر المشاركون سمات OCG. ويواجه ستة أفراد، من بينهم رومان شباكوف، الذي يفترض أنه موجود في لندن، اتهامات، ويجري البحث عن العقل المدبر المزعوم دوليا. ومن المتوقع أيضًا أن يواجه ليندو أثاناسيادو، من قبرص، والذي يعتقد أنه المسؤول عن الشؤون المالية لصندوق قطر لكرة القدم، اتهامات مماثلة قريبًا.
وتم حبس ثلاثة من المتهمين، فيما وجهت اتهامات غيابية ضد اثنين آخرين. تم تزويد عملاء صندوق قطر للأعمال، الذين اعتقدوا أن أموالهم تحقق أرباحًا، بتقارير شهرية وربع سنوية ملفقة. ومع ذلك، نشأت مشكلات عندما حاول العملاء سحب أموالهم؛ ومُنعوا من الوصول وانقطعت الاتصالات.
وفي حين قام بنك قطر البحريني بدفع أرباح لبعض المودعين للحفاظ على سمعته، فقد تم سداد هذه المدفوعات باستخدام أموال من عملاء جدد. كشفت التحقيقات أن الخسائر التي لحقت بعملاء شركة LLC QBF، التي تم إلغاء ترخيصها في يوليو 2021، تتجاوز 2 مليار روبل، لكن المستندات التي تم الاستيلاء عليها أثناء عمليات البحث تشير إلى أن الرقم الفعلي قد يكون أعلى بكثير، حيث يصل إلى 5-7 مليارات روبل. ويمكن أن يعزى التباين في هذه الأرقام إلى العملاء البارزين، بما في ذلك المسؤولين والمديرين، الذين لم يعترفوا بعد بخسائرهم علناً. واستهدف المخطط الهرمي العملاء الأثرياء الذين لديهم إمكانية الوصول إلى أموال الميزانية، ويُعتقد أن الخوف من إثبات شرعية مصدر أموالهم قد ردع العديد من الضحايا عن الاتصال بوكالات إنفاذ القانون.
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